摘要 :
Due to the quick advancement of science and technology, the services sector which has a high content of knowledge and technology has experienced globally expeditious development in the past decade. Development in general and the g...
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Due to the quick advancement of science and technology, the services sector which has a high content of knowledge and technology has experienced globally expeditious development in the past decade. Development in general and the growth of Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) such as Information and Communication Technology services (ICT services) in particular are at the core of the major trends that are restructuring the economic landscape of not only German but also Chinese economies.
In Germany, in the new era of service economy, more emphases are put on KIBS instead of the traditional giant clusters of steel manufacturing and auto manufacturing. Especially in Bavaria, high technology clusters are prospering. The ICT services in Bavaria accounts for 40% of all software companies in Germany. A lot of ICT services clusters can be found, including IT Speicher, FIWM, BICC-NET, etc. Similar cases can be found in Shanghai, where a number of government driving as well as market pullingICT services cluster are also coming into being.
Previous empirical evidence shows an asymmetric bipolarity in the location behavior of KIBS. There is a general predominance of low concentration due to equal diffusion of these services in many regions, and a high concentration in some regions located at the top of the spatial hierarchy, particularly capital cities.
The current exploratory research, drawing upon cluster theory and network theory, aims at discovering the cluster features both from the perspective of the company executives in the cluster. Using the data collected through interviews and questionnaire surveys from company managers, incorporated with current theoretical framework and, through integration and analysis, important features of the cluster such as network mechanism are calculated both in Bavaria and Shanghai. We check the supply side as well as the demand side of the reasons why clusters are formulated in the first place, and they both have a positive effect on the network mechanism of the cluster. The network mechanism has a positive effect on innovation performance of the ICT service companies. The reasons are also discussed. Suggestions are provided for policy making about the KIBS cluster forming for both regions and the cooperation in these fields, especially in terms of service outsourcing relationship. Valuable implications for deciding the location for a KIBS company on the firm level are also provided.
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摘要 :
We develop a model of endogenous mergers to study their dynamic process. Firms choose whether, when, and with whom to merge. Two necessary conditions are identified/or mergers to occur: firm heterogeneity and negative demand shock...
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We develop a model of endogenous mergers to study their dynamic process. Firms choose whether, when, and with whom to merge. Two necessary conditions are identified/or mergers to occur: firm heterogeneity and negative demand shocks. We show that mergers are strategic complements and therefore tend to occur in waves. Moreover, some mergers occur for strategic reasons in order to precipitate further mergers.
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摘要 :
The memory function and elastic modulus were introduced into the O-W-F type of constitutive equations with the Cauchy-Green and Finger tensors for simple fluid, and then the concrete constitutive equation and material function for...
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The memory function and elastic modulus were introduced into the O-W-F type of constitutive equations with the Cauchy-Green and Finger tensors for simple fluid, and then the concrete constitutive equation and material function for polymeric suspensions in the different flow fields were formulated: 1)Viscosity and first normal-stress difference coefficient in the shear flow field; 2)Tensile viscosity at the uni-axial elongation flow field; and 3)Dynamic viscosity and modulus in the dynamic field.
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摘要 :
cDNA microarray is a powerful tool to analyze simultaneously the expression levels of tens of thousands of genes. Compared with normal nasopharynx (NP) tissues, 2210 genes were highly differentially expressed in nasopharyngeal car...
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cDNA microarray is a powerful tool to analyze simultaneously the expression levels of tens of thousands of genes. Compared with normal nasopharynx (NP) tissues, 2210 genes were highly differentially expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues detected by cDNA microarray. Since signal pathway is widely used to describe the complex relationship between genes, a pathway-based network was constructed to visualize the connection between the genes obtained from microarray data in this report. We analyzed the targeted genes that may have more important influence on this gene network with statistical methods and found that some genes might have significant influence on this network, especially Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN), carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) genes. To verify the results from pathway-based selection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR were performed to detect the expression levels of RAN, CEL and RELA genes and it was found that the RAN and CEL genes were significantly up-regulated in more than 80% of NPC tissues. To further elucidate the function of the RAN gene, RAN expression was specifically suppressed in a 5-8F NPC cell line by RNA interference (RNAi). As expected, the depletion of RAN could effectively block the proliferation of tumor cells. Therefore, our study may open up a new way to analyze the vast microarray data.
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摘要 :
A double-network model is established, which consists of the segments, E and A-constituent chains, the polymeric chains entangled with other ones by multi-entanglement and polymeric chains connected to a great number of destructib...
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A double-network model is established, which consists of the segments, E and A-constituent chains, the polymeric chains entangled with other ones by multi-entanglement and polymeric chains connected to a great number of destructible particles by multi-adsorption, based on which the E and A-constituent chains can be recreated and released dynamically. The distribution function of chains in the multi-entanglement and multi-adsorption states and their number of polymeric chains are calculated by the combination of statistical mechanics and kinetics.
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摘要 :
By employing the dissociation energy and the equilibrium bond length for a diatomic molecule as explicit
parameters, we generate an improved expression for the generalized Woods-Saxon potential. It is exactly
shown that the genera...
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By employing the dissociation energy and the equilibrium bond length for a diatomic molecule as explicit
parameters, we generate an improved expression for the generalized Woods-Saxon potential. It is exactly
shown that the generalized Woods-Saxon potential and the well-known Rosen-Morse potential are the same
empirical potential-energy function for diatomic molecules. Based on the measure of inner-shell radii of two
atoms, we propose a modified Rosen-Morse potential-energy model. Evaluation of the average deviations from
the experimental data is carried out on six molecules. The modified Rosen-Morse potential is found to be
more accurate than the Morse and Rosen-Morse potentials in fitting experimental data for the six molecules
examined.
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摘要 :
Deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1), encoding a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), is considered as a promising candidate tumor suppressor gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -29A/T ups...
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Deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1), encoding a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), is considered as a promising candidate tumor suppressor gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -29A/T upstream of ATG start codon was found when gene mutation profile of DLC-1 in NPC was analyzed. To evaluate the correlation between SNP -29A/T in the promoter region of DLC-1 gene and risk of NPC, a total of 521 samples from a Chinese population, including 320 healthy individuals and 201 NPC patients, were collected for SNP analysis by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing. The differences in allele and genotype frequencies between NPC patients and controls were tested using logistic regression statistical method. No significant differences were found in allele or genotype frequencies between NPC patients and controls or among different NPC clinical stages. Hence, our data indicate that the SNP -29A/T of DLC-1 gene is not associated with NPC susceptibility.
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